Bactericide and antimicrobial susceptibility in equine methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (2023)

goGenes associated with increased tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds and other cationic fungicides such as chlorhexidine. This study aimed to determine whetherWhyGenes and increased fungicide resistance are present in 125 clinical methicillin-resistant and susceptible veterinary staphylococci. A total of 125 methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin resistant and sensitivePseudostaphylococcus intermedia(MRSP and MSSP) Whole-genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing andWhygenetic screening. Possession of two MRSA isolates (12%)Activated carbon A/BGene; both isolates were ST8 from horses.QacJ, qacGandsmrGenes were identified in 28/90 (31%) MRSP and 1/18 (6%) MSSP isolates. ST71 MRSP was significantly more likely to harborWhygene than other MRSP clones (p < 0.05). A random subset of 31 isolates were tested for minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against F10SC^{TM value}(benzalkonium chloride and biguanides) and Hexacon^{TM value}(chlorhexidine gluconate), with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA) asin vitroAlternative to organic pollution.goGenes were not associated with increased phenotypic fungicide tolerance, but fungicide efficacy was significantly affected by the presence of BSA. In the absence of BSA, all MBC values ​​were well below the recommended concentration for use. When BSA is present, regardless ofWhyGene present, 50% of MRSA and 43% of MRSP have F10SC^{TM value}MBC is higher than the recommended concentration for general disinfection.gogenes did not increasein vitroFungicide resistance of veterinary staphylococci. Organic contamination must be minimized to ensure fungicide efficacy against MRSA and MRSP.

Global Journal of Antimicrobial Resistance, Volume 2, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 269-275

The purpose of this study was to optimize the bactericidal test conditions of tigecycline and to investigate its bactericidal activity against clinically isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Tigecycline is the first in a new class of glycylcycline antibiotics with in vitro activity against a wide variety of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant organisms. Its in vitro bactericidal activity has not been extensively studied using a variety of test conditions. Five growth media were studied in vitro, including Mueller Hinton Broth, Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium, Ham F-12, RPMI 1640, and Iso-Sensitest Broth (ISB ) to assess the bactericidal activity of tigecycline. Clinical isolates resistant to methicillinStaphylococcus aureus, methicillin sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniaeandEnterococcusspp. representing the majority of clinically relevant bacteria, the effect of test conditions on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tigecycline was evaluated, and ISB containing 0.02% Tween 80 most effectively demonstrated that tigecycline The bactericidal effect of cyclocycline was considered the best medium for the bactericidal test when it was evaluated in 64 well-characterized clinical isolates. Using these conditions, tigecycline has approximately 56% bactericidal activity, 3log₁₀CFU decreased at 72 hours of culture. Bactericidal effect increased to 80% of strains at 2log₁₀Reduction was used as the endpoint. onlyEnterococcusGenus did not show a bactericidal response in this analysis. Tigecycline exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Under the in vitro conditions tested, the tigecycline MIC did not change regardless of the test medium used.

Veterinary Journal, Vol. 199, No. 2, 2014, Pages 197-198

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 444, No. 1, 2014, Pages 86-91

Transcriptome studies have shown that many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are located near the 3' sense ends of protein-coding genes. However, the transcription and function of these RNAs remain elusive. Here, we identified a 3' end-sense-related sRNA (TASR) downstream of rpl26Schizosaccharomyces pombe(Schizosaccharomyces pombe). Structural and functional analyzes revealed that TASR is an H/ACA box snoRNA required for pseudouridylation of 18S rRNA at positions U121 and U305 and is thus a homologue of snR49 from budding yeast. Transcriptional studies revealed that pre-snR49 overlaps with most of the coding sequence (CDS) of rpl26. Using scanning deletion analysis within the promoter region, we show that the rpl26 promoter is required for 3' TASR transcription. Interestingly, the chromosomal synteny of rpl26–snR49 exists inSchizosaccharomycesgroup. In summary, we revealed a novel transcriptional mechanism for 3' sense TASRs, which are transcribed from the same promoter as their upstream protein genes. These results further suggest that the origin and function of 3' sense ncRNAs are related to upstream genes in higher eukaryotes.

Veterinary Journal, Volume 204, Number 1, 2015, Pages 105-109

Measurement of rumen pH and serum concentration of haptoglobin (Hp) to assess the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in grazing cows fed rolled wheat grains twice daily at milking time (control group;n =64), or as part of a mixed diet (PMR group;n =64) On the feed plate. Cows were assigned different levels of supplementation (8, 10, 12 or 14 kg dry matter/day). The rumen pH of 16 cows with rumen fistula (8 PMR cows and 8 control cows) was measured using an indwelling pH meter and recorded every 10 min for 14 days. Serum Hp was analyzed in samples collected from 125 dairy cows. No differences were found in rumen pH or serum Hp concentrations between treatment groups or feeding levels. It was concluded that at the feeding levels used in this study, there were no differences between grazing cows using rumen pH patterns and Hp as a marker for SARA, either as grain in the dairy or as PMR on the feed mat Feed supplements.

Livestock Science, Volume 170, 2014, Pages 43-52

A study was conducted to determine the fecal and urinary excretion of N, P, and S and to supplement wheat distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) instead of barley grain and barley silage fed to growing beef heifers. Eight rumenostomy Angus heifers were assigned to a replicate 4×4 Latin square design and fed a diet consisting of barley silage, barley concentrate, and wheat DDGS at a ratio of 150:850 every 21 days :0, 100:650:250, 50:650 :300 and 0:650:350 (DM basis) for Control (CON), Low (DDGS25), Moderate (DDGS30) and High (DDGS35) DDGS diets, respectively. Heifers were fed complete mixed rations on ad libitum basis. Feces and urine were collected for 5 days per experimental period. Heifers fed the DDGS diet had higher N intake than heifers fed the CON diet, with no difference between the DDGS diets. Increased N intake resulted in increased N retention as well as increased N excretion. N is mainly excreted in urine (~700g/kg N excretion) and to a lesser extent in feces (~300g/kg N excretion). Urinary N excretion increased linearly while fecal N excretion decreased linearly with increasing DDGS addition to the diet. P intake from DDGS was higher than CON, but decreased linearly with increasing DDGS inclusion in the diet due to lower DMI. Heifers fed DDGS had higher total phosphorus excretion and lower phosphorus retention compared to heifers fed the CON diet. Most P was excreted in feces (from 897 to 634 g/kg P excretion) and decreased linearly with increasing dietary DDGS addition; in contrast, urinary P excretion increased linearly. Feeding DDGS diets significantly increased S intake, with no difference between DDGS diets. Compared to heifers fed the CON diet, heifers fed the DDGS retained only a small fraction of the S they consumed, had lower S excretion in feces, but more S in urine. The results showed that adding 250 to 350 g/kg wheat DDGS to finisher diets significantly increased N, P and S intake and excretion. Increased excretion of N, P, and S is a major environmental concern when using DDGS in feedlot cattle. Nutrient management plans need to be considered to minimize N, P and S losses to the environment and maximize plant utilization.

Global Journal of Antimicrobial Resistance, Volume 2, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 342-343